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There have always been secrets and therefore, there has always been a need for encryption, even  before the Internet and World Wide Web came into play. These, however, have increased the need and made it pretty much a commodity. A little bit of history first:

The word encryption is derived from Cryptography, which is taken from the Greek word “kryptos” meaning “hidden or secret” and the other Greek word, “graphein” meaning “writing”.  (I’m Greek and just had to point that out   So Cryptography is the practice of “hiding information”. In past history this was done through the use of symbols and tables which allow the reader to translate the written symbols with the deciphering table. There were also devices used (think about the code breaking needed in The Da Vinci Code) which would deciper letter  by letter, symbol by symbol, or in National Treasure, (just another clue!).